[Anthony Kim (anthonykim1)]

Depends on: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-engineering/pull/4306
Follow-up to: #997

• Select Node.js 24.18.0 for the package and API-scan jobs through the shared npm-package nodeVersion input.
• Run the Linux compile/test job on Node.js 24.18.0 instead of the shared Node 22 default.
• Align publishing with GitHub Actions, native prebuilds, and the repository's strict Node 24 devEngines requirement.
• Keep the shared template reference on main and leave the existing publish flags and release approval behavior unchanged.
• Keep this draft blocked on the shared template change; until that merges, package and API scan still use Node 22.
• Validate publish.yml with git diff --check and Ruby YAML parsing.

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Inspirations from:

• The exact Node.js version matches the lint and build/test setup in .github/workflows/ci.yml.
• The native-prebuild pipeline uses the same version in pipelines/build.yml.
• The source checkout requires Node.js 24 and npm 11.6.3 or newer through devEngines.