diff --git a/bench/class_reflection_refresh_bench.php b/bench/class_reflection_refresh_bench.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5cb850959b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/class_reflection_refresh_bench.php
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * Benchmark for refreshing the scope of a changed class node (ChangedNodeScopeRefresher::refresh()).
+ *
+ * When a rule changes a class-like node, its stmts are re-processed with the in-class scope. That
+ * scope held the class reflection of the original file, so rules deciding on reflection (e.g. "has
+ * this trait already?") did not see their own change and re-applied it on every pass.
+ *
+ * The change (#8728) rebuilds the class reflection from the changed class node via BetterReflection
+ * NodeToReflection + ClassReflectionFactory (AstClassReflectionFactory) and re-enters the class with
+ * it, under a fresh cache key so member caches of the former reflection are not reused.
+ *
+ * This bench parses a file of many classes (parent, interface, constants, properties, methods),
+ * attaches scope (as the real run does), then drives refresh() over every class node - the exact
+ * path RectorRunner takes after a rule returns a changed Class_.
+ *
+ * By default the classes are refreshed with the same content on every pass, as when a rule keeps
+ * visiting a class it does not change further. With "changed", every refresh toggles an extra
+ * constant first, so each refresh sees a class content different from the former one.
+ *
+ * Run on both branches to compare:
+ *   php bench/class_reflection_refresh_bench.php
+ *   php bench/class_reflection_refresh_bench.php changed
+ *
+ * Reports CPU time (user+sys) and wall time; CPU is the reliable metric, wall is noisy under
+ * concurrent load.
+ */
+
+use PhpParser\Node\Const_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Scalar\Int_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Class_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\ClassConst;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\MutatingScope;
+use Rector\Application\ChangedNodeScopeRefresher;
+use Rector\DependencyInjection\LazyContainerFactory;
+use Rector\NodeTypeResolver\Node\AttributeKey;
+use Rector\PhpParser\Node\BetterNodeFinder;
+use Rector\Testing\TestingParser\TestingParser;
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+const CLASSES = 40;  // classes in the parsed file
+const METHODS = 10;  // methods per class
+const REPEAT = 20;   // outer repeats over the whole set
+
+$isChanged = ($argv[1] ?? '') === 'changed';
+
+$rectorConfig = (new LazyContainerFactory())->create();
+$rectorConfig->boot();
+
+/** @var TestingParser $testingParser */
+$testingParser = $rectorConfig->make(TestingParser::class);
+
+/** @var BetterNodeFinder $betterNodeFinder */
+$betterNodeFinder = $rectorConfig->make(BetterNodeFinder::class);
+
+/** @var ChangedNodeScopeRefresher $changedNodeScopeRefresher */
+$changedNodeScopeRefresher = $rectorConfig->make(ChangedNodeScopeRefresher::class);
+
+$source = "<?php\n\ndeclare(strict_types=1);\n\nnamespace Bench;\n\n";
+$source .= "interface SomeContract\n{\n    public function handle(int \$value): int;\n}\n\n";
+$source .= "abstract class SomeParent\n{\n    protected array \$items = [];\n\n";
+$source .= "    public function parentMethod(string \$name): string\n    {\n        return strtoupper(\$name);\n    }\n}\n\n";
+
+for ($i = 0; $i < CLASSES; ++$i) {
+    $source .= "final class Service{$i} extends SomeParent implements SomeContract\n{\n";
+    $source .= "    public const NAME = 'service{$i}';\n\n";
+    $source .= "    private int \$counter = 0;\n\n";
+    $source .= "    private ?\\DateTimeImmutable \$createdAt = null;\n\n";
+    $source .= "    public function handle(int \$value): int\n    {\n        return \$this->counter += \$value;\n    }\n\n";
+
+    for ($j = 0; $j < METHODS; ++$j) {
+        $source .= "    public function method{$j}(string \$name): string\n    {\n";
+        $source .= "        \$this->items[] = \$name;\n";
+        $source .= "        return \$this->parentMethod(\$name) . self::NAME . \$this->handle({$j});\n    }\n\n";
+    }
+
+    $source .= "}\n\n";
+}
+
+$sourceFilePath = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'bench_') . '.php';
+file_put_contents($sourceFilePath, $source);
+
+$stmts = $testingParser->parseFileToDecoratedNodes($sourceFilePath);
+
+/** @var Class_[] $classes */
+$classes = array_values(array_filter(
+    $betterNodeFinder->findInstanceOf($stmts, Class_::class),
+    static fn (Class_ $class): bool => $class->isFinal()
+));
+
+// keep the original in-class scope, as RectorRunner passes the scope of the node before the change
+$scopes = [];
+foreach ($classes as $key => $class) {
+    $scope = $class->getAttribute(AttributeKey::SCOPE);
+    if (! $scope instanceof MutatingScope || ! $scope->isInClass()) {
+        fwrite(STDERR, 'Class node is missing the in-class scope, bench would not hit the refresh path' . PHP_EOL);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    $scopes[$key] = $scope;
+}
+
+$cpuSeconds = static function (): float {
+    $usage = getrusage();
+    return $usage['ru_utime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000
+        + $usage['ru_stime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000;
+};
+
+$run = static function () use ($changedNodeScopeRefresher, $classes, $scopes, $sourceFilePath, $isChanged): void {
+    foreach ($classes as $key => $class) {
+        if ($isChanged) {
+            if ($class->stmts[0] instanceof ClassConst && $class->stmts[0]->consts[0]->name->toString() === 'EXTRA') {
+                array_shift($class->stmts);
+            } else {
+                // BetterReflection asserts the constant lines, so mirror the class lines as rules do for new nodes
+                $lines = [
+                    'startLine' => $class->getStartLine(),
+                    'endLine' => $class->getStartLine(),
+                ];
+                array_unshift($class->stmts, new ClassConst([new Const_('EXTRA', new Int_(1), $lines)], 0, $lines));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $changedNodeScopeRefresher->refresh($class, $sourceFilePath, $scopes[$key]);
+    }
+};
+
+// warm up autoloading/reflection caches once, excluded from timing
+$run();
+
+$memoryStart = memory_get_usage();
+$wallStart = microtime(true);
+$cpuStart = $cpuSeconds();
+
+for ($repeat = 0; $repeat < REPEAT; ++$repeat) {
+    $run();
+}
+
+$cpu = $cpuSeconds() - $cpuStart;
+$wall = microtime(true) - $wallStart;
+$memory = memory_get_usage() - $memoryStart;
+
+@unlink($sourceFilePath);
+
+$totalCalls = REPEAT * count($classes);
+
+printf('mode: %s%s', $isChanged ? 'changed' : 'same', PHP_EOL);
+printf('classes: %d, methods/class: %d, repeats: %d, refresh() calls: %d%s', count($classes), METHODS + 1, REPEAT, $totalCalls, PHP_EOL);
+printf('CPU:  %.4f s  (%.3f us/call)%s', $cpu, $cpu / $totalCalls * 1_000_000, PHP_EOL);
+printf('wall: %.4f s%s', $wall, PHP_EOL);
+printf('memory growth: %.2f MB%s', $memory / 1024 / 1024, PHP_EOL);
diff --git a/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/AstClassReflectionFactory.php b/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/AstClassReflectionFactory.php
index 32e57899a2b..19dc1f6a50b 100644
--- a/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/AstClassReflectionFactory.php
+++ b/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/AstClassReflectionFactory.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Located\LocatedSource;
 use PHPStan\Reflection\ClassReflection;
 use PHPStan\Reflection\ClassReflectionFactory;
+use Rector\PhpParser\Printer\BetterStandardPrinter;
 
 /**
  * The class reflection from the reflection provider is built from the original file,
@@ -26,11 +27,19 @@
  *
  * @see \PHPStan\Analyser\StmtHandler\ClassLikeHandler::createAstClassReflection()
  */
-final readonly class AstClassReflectionFactory
+final class AstClassReflectionFactory
 {
+    /**
+     * Last rebuilt reflection per class, keyed by file and class node, with the hash of the class content it was built from
+     *
+     * @var array<string, array{string, ClassReflection}>
+     */
+    private array $classReflectionsByClass = [];
+
     public function __construct(
-        private Reflector $reflector,
-        private ClassReflectionFactory $classReflectionFactory,
+        private readonly Reflector $reflector,
+        private readonly ClassReflectionFactory $classReflectionFactory,
+        private readonly BetterStandardPrinter $betterStandardPrinter,
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -39,6 +48,15 @@ public function create(Class_|Interface_|Enum_ $classLike, MutatingScope $mutati
         $filePath = $mutatingScope->getFile();
         $namespace = $mutatingScope->getNamespace();
 
+        // the class node is refreshed on every change in it, while its members often stay the same between passes;
+        // reuse the reflection built from the same content, so its cache key and member caches are not created again
+        $classKey = $filePath . ':' . $namespace . '\\' . $classLike->name;
+        $contentHash = hash('xxh128', $this->betterStandardPrinter->print($classLike));
+
+        if (isset($this->classReflectionsByClass[$classKey]) && $this->classReflectionsByClass[$classKey][0] === $contentHash) {
+            return $this->classReflectionsByClass[$classKey][1];
+        }
+
         $betterReflectionClass = new NodeToReflection()->__invoke(
             $this->reflector,
             $classLike,
@@ -55,14 +73,18 @@ public function create(Class_|Interface_|Enum_ $classLike, MutatingScope $mutati
             : new ReflectionClassAdapter($betterReflectionClass);
 
         // the member caches are keyed by the class reflection cache key,
-        // so each rebuilt reflection needs its own key not to read members of the former one
-        return $this->classReflectionFactory->create(
+        // so each changed class content needs its own key not to read members of the former one
+        $classReflection = $this->classReflectionFactory->create(
             $betterReflectionClass->getName(),
             $reflectionClassAdapter,
             null,
             null,
             null,
-            uniqid($filePath . ':', true)
+            $filePath . ':' . $contentHash
         );
+
+        $this->classReflectionsByClass[$classKey] = [$contentHash, $classReflection];
+
+        return $classReflection;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlaceTest.php b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlaceTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7707439013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlaceTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace;
+
+use Iterator;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use Rector\Testing\PHPUnit\AbstractRectorTestCase;
+
+final class ClassReflectionRefreshInPlaceTest extends AbstractRectorTestCase
+{
+    #[DataProvider('provideData')]
+    public function test(string $filePath): void
+    {
+        $this->doTestFile($filePath);
+    }
+
+    public static function provideData(): Iterator
+    {
+        return self::yieldFilesFromDirectory(__DIR__ . '/Fixture');
+    }
+
+    public function provideConfigFilePath(): string
+    {
+        return __DIR__ . '/config/configured_rule.php';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Fixture/add_both_traits_once.php.inc b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Fixture/add_both_traits_once.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..735947f52dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Fixture/add_both_traits_once.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Fixture;
+
+final class AddBothTraitsOnce
+{
+    public function run()
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Fixture;
+
+final class AddBothTraitsOnce
+{
+    use \Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Source\OtherTrait;
+    use \Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefresh\Source\SomeTrait;
+    public function run()
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector.php b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bd3e5584e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Source;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Name\FullyQualified;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Class_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\TraitUse;
+use PHPStan\Reflection\ClassReflection;
+use Rector\Rector\AbstractRector;
+use Rector\Reflection\ReflectionResolver;
+use Rector\RuleDoc\RuleDefinition;
+
+/**
+ * Changes the same class node in place right after AddTraitByReflectionRector did,
+ * so it adds the trait again on every pass unless the class reflection is rebuilt for the same node again
+ */
+final class AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector extends AbstractRector
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ReflectionResolver $reflectionResolver
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function getRuleDefinition(): RuleDefinition
+    {
+        return new RuleDefinition('', []);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<class-string<Node>>
+     */
+    public function getNodeTypes(): array
+    {
+        return [Class_::class];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Class_ $node
+     */
+    public function refactor(Node $node): ?Class_
+    {
+        $classReflection = $this->reflectionResolver->resolveClassReflection($node);
+        if (! $classReflection instanceof ClassReflection || $classReflection->hasTraitUse(OtherTrait::class)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $node->stmts = array_merge([new TraitUse([new FullyQualified(OtherTrait::class)])], $node->stmts);
+
+        return $node;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/OtherTrait.php b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/OtherTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ef38bb92c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/Source/OtherTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Source;
+
+trait OtherTrait
+{
+}
diff --git a/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/config/configured_rule.php b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/config/configured_rule.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..165bcb09921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Issues/ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace/config/configured_rule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefresh\Source\AddTraitByReflectionRector;
+use Rector\Tests\Issues\ClassReflectionRefreshInPlace\Source\AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector;
+
+return RectorConfig::configure()
+    ->withRules([AddTraitByReflectionRector::class, AddOtherTraitByReflectionRector::class]);