diff --git a/samples/rfc7643-8.7.1-schema-enterprise_user.json b/samples/rfc7643-8.7.1-schema-enterprise_user.json
index 9d9feb9e..76e74886 100644
--- a/samples/rfc7643-8.7.1-schema-enterprise_user.json
+++ b/samples/rfc7643-8.7.1-schema-enterprise_user.json
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
                     "name": "value",
                     "type": "string",
                     "multiValued": false,
-                    "description": "The id of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  REQUIRED.",
+                    "description": "The id of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  RECOMMENDED.",
                     "required": true,
                     "caseExact": true,
                     "mutability": "readWrite",
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
                         "User"
                     ],
                     "multiValued": false,
-                    "description": "The URI of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  REQUIRED.",
-                    "required": true,
+                    "description": "The URI of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  RECOMMENDED.",
+                    "required": false,
                     "caseExact": true,
                     "mutability": "readWrite",
                     "returned": "default",
diff --git a/scim2_models/resources/enterprise_user.py b/scim2_models/resources/enterprise_user.py
index 01e37fc5..e5a3078b 100644
--- a/scim2_models/resources/enterprise_user.py
+++ b/scim2_models/resources/enterprise_user.py
@@ -19,10 +19,9 @@ class Manager(ComplexAttribute):
     value: Annotated[str | None, Required.true, CaseExact.true] = None
     """The id of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager."""
 
-    ref: Annotated[  # type: ignore[type-arg]
-        Reference["User"] | None,
-        Required.true,
-    ] = Field(None, serialization_alias="$ref", validation_alias="$ref")
+    ref: Reference["User"] | None = Field(  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+        None, serialization_alias="$ref", validation_alias="$ref"
+    )
     """The URI of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager."""
 
     display_name: Annotated[str | None, Mutability.read_only] = None
diff --git a/tests/test_bulk.py b/tests/test_bulk.py
index 3531a0fe..e1e3f129 100644
--- a/tests/test_bulk.py
+++ b/tests/test_bulk.py
@@ -575,17 +575,10 @@ def operation(manager):
         operation({"value": "bulkId:ytrewq"}), scim_ctx=Context.BULK_REQUEST
     )
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-        BulkOperation[User[EnterpriseUser]].model_validate(
-            operation({"value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"}),
-            scim_ctx=Context.BULK_REQUEST,
-        )
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-        BulkOperation[User[EnterpriseUser]].model_validate(
-            operation({"value": "bulkId:ytrewq"}),
-            scim_ctx=Context.RESOURCE_CREATION_REQUEST,
-        )
+    BulkOperation[User[EnterpriseUser]].model_validate(
+        operation({"value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"}),
+        scim_ctx=Context.BULK_REQUEST,
+    )
 
 
 def test_bulk_models_require_a_type_parameter():
diff --git a/tests/test_dynamic_resources.py b/tests/test_dynamic_resources.py
index e5df065b..2d130ce2 100644
--- a/tests/test_dynamic_resources.py
+++ b/tests/test_dynamic_resources.py
@@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ def test_make_enterprise_user_model_from_schema(load_sample):
     assert not Manager.get_field_multiplicity("value")
     assert (
         Manager.model_fields["value"].description
-        == "The id of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  REQUIRED."
+        == "The id of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  RECOMMENDED."
     )
     assert Manager.get_field_annotation("value", Required) == Required.true
     assert Manager.get_field_annotation("value", CaseExact) == CaseExact.true
@@ -1403,9 +1403,9 @@ def test_make_enterprise_user_model_from_schema(load_sample):
     assert not Manager.get_field_multiplicity("ref")
     assert (
         Manager.model_fields["ref"].description
-        == "The URI of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  REQUIRED."
+        == "The URI of the SCIM resource representing the User's manager.  RECOMMENDED."
     )
-    assert Manager.get_field_annotation("ref", Required) == Required.true
+    assert Manager.get_field_annotation("ref", Required) == Required.false
     assert Manager.get_field_annotation("ref", CaseExact) == CaseExact.true
     assert Manager.get_field_annotation("ref", Mutability) == Mutability.read_write
     assert Manager.get_field_annotation("ref", Returned) == Returned.default